Introduction to Matrices
A matrix is a rectangular array of numbers, symbols, or expressions arranged in rows and columns. Matrices are fundamental tools in mathematics and have wide applications in:
- Physics (quantum mechanics, relativity, electromagnetism)
- Computer graphics (transformations, rotations, scaling)
- Probability theory and statistics
- Calculus and differential equations
- Numerical analysis and computational methods
A matrix with m rows and n columns is called an m × n matrix. The element in the i-th row and j-th column is denoted as Aij.