What is a percentage?
A percentage is a ratio per hundred. 35% equals 0.35 or the fraction 35/100. Percentages are computed by multiplying the ratio by 100. Example: if 25 of 50 students are male, 25/50 = 0.5 → 0.5 × 100 = 50%. The value "%" literally means "per hundred."
Percentage formula
The calculator uses the algebraic equation:
P × V1 = V2
P = percentage (in decimal form) · V1 = initial value · V2 = result of applying the percentage.
Entering P as "15%" auto-converts to 0.15. To recover P from the other values, divide V2 by V1. Example: 15% of 100 = 15, because 15 × 0.15 = 2.25 (typo? Actually 15% of 100 = 15; V1=100, P=0.15, V2=15).
Percentage difference formula
We compute absolute difference divided by the mean of the two values, then multiply by 100:
Difference% = |V1 − V2| / ((|V1| + |V2|)/2) × 100
Example: values 10 and 6 → |10 − 6| / ((10 + 6)/2) × 100 = 4/8 × 100 = 50%.
Percentage change formula
Use when a value increases/decreases by a certain percent. Multiply the base by the percent in decimal form and add/subtract from the base:
Increase: New = Base + (Percent × Base)
Decrease: New = Base − (Percent × Base)
Example: increase 500 by 10% → 500 × 0.10 = 50; New = 500 + 50 = 550. Reduce 500 by 10% → 500 − 50 = 450.